{"id":807,"date":"2026-09-02T14:03:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:03:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/?p=807"},"modified":"2026-09-02T14:03:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T12:03:28","slug":"nazdar-chlapi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/nezaradene\/nazdar-chlapi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nazdar chlapi."},"content":{"rendered":"

Vitajte na blogu MJM-AUTOMATION. Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa tento mesiac zasa ponor\u00edme do k\u00e1blov a sch\u00e9m, mus\u00edme si vyjasni\u0165 jednu vec. Mo\u017eno ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee vizu\u00e1ly (fotky a vide\u00e1), ktor\u00e9 na blogu pou\u017e\u00edvame, vyzeraj\u00fa ob\u010das trochu \u201eumelo\u201c a s\u00fa generovan\u00e9 umelou inteligenciou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do v\u00e1m neuk\u00e1\u017eeme re\u00e1lne z\u00e1bery z na\u0161ich projektov?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odpove\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: nesmieme.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f \u0165a MJM-AUTOMATION po\u0161le ako \u017eivnostn\u00edka-elektrik\u00e1ra na projekt do nemocnice, kde sa rob\u00ed kritick\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara, prv\u00e9, \u010do \u0165a na vstupe \u010dak\u00e1 (okrem kontroly platnosti vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky a preukazov), je sekuri\u0165\u00e1k, ktor\u00fd ti neprieh\u013eadnou p\u00e1skou prelep\u00ed v\u0161etky \u0161o\u0161ovky fotoapar\u00e1tov na mobile. Zmluvy o ml\u010danlivosti (NDA)<\/a> s\u00fa na tak\u00fdchto stavb\u00e1ch brut\u00e1lne pr\u00edsne a zakazuj\u00fa ak\u00e9ko\u013evek zhotovovanie zvukov\u00fdch alebo obrazov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f4vody s\u00fa pochopite\u013en\u00e9. Prv\u00fdm je s\u00fakromie \u2013 v nemocniciach je ochrana \u00fadajov a s\u00fakromia pacientov absol\u00fatnou prioritou. Druh\u00fdm, a pre n\u00e1s technikov d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4vodom, je bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 samotnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Nikto pr\u00ed\u010detn\u00fd nechce, aby sa po internete pova\u013eovali presn\u00e9 z\u00e1bery rozv\u00e1dza\u010dov, trasovania k\u00e1blov a nap\u00e1jania syst\u00e9mov, od ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1visia \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty. Preto sme pri tvorbe tohto obsahu odk\u00e1zan\u00ed na AI \u2013 pom\u00e1ha n\u00e1m ilustrova\u0165, o \u010dom hovor\u00edme, bez toho, aby sme riskovali astronomick\u00e9 pokuty alebo vyhadzov z projektu. Tak\u017ee, ke\u010f nabud\u00face uvid\u00edte AI obr\u00e1zok nemocni\u010dn\u00e9ho rozv\u00e1dza\u010da, viete, \u017ee za n\u00edm je re\u00e1lna, pr\u00edsne tajn\u00e1 maka\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Medicin\u00e1lne plyny: Pre\u010do vynech\u00e1me nudu a p\u00f4jdeme do h\u013abky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dnes sa pozrieme na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu a \u00fadr\u017ebu medicin\u00e1lnych plynov (kysl\u00edk, rajsk\u00fd plyn, stla\u010den\u00fd vzduch, v\u00e1kuum) z poh\u013eadu n\u00e1s, elektrik\u00e1rov. Nebudem v\u00e1s v\u0161ak unavova\u0165 vecami, o ktor\u00fdch sa p\u00ed\u0161e v\u0161ade. Hne\u010f na \u00favod sa vyka\u0161leme na p\u00e4\u0165 naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 BOZP pri manipul\u00e1cii s tlakov\u00fdmi f\u013ea\u0161ami.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Farebn\u00e9 k\u00f3dovanie a zna\u010denie meden\u00fdch potrub\u00ed.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Oby\u010dajn\u00e9 na\u0165ahanie silov\u00fdch k\u00e1blov k be\u017en\u00fdm kompresorom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Jednoduch\u00e9 zap\u00e1janie \u0161tandardn\u00fdch akustick\u00fdch alarmov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Tieto veci ovl\u00e1da ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto kedy \u010duchol k in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00e1m v zdravotn\u00edctve. My sa dnes pozrieme na nie\u010do ove\u013ea \u0161pecifickej\u0161ie a kritickej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00e9ma d\u0148a: Elektronick\u00e1 integr\u00e1cia z\u00f3nov\u00fdch uzatv\u00e1rac\u00edch ventilov (ZVB) a galvanick\u00e9 oddelenie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Vybral som si tento jeden konkr\u00e9tny prvok a rozoberiem ho ob\u0161\u00edrnej\u0161ie. Pre\u010do? Lebo presne tu sa l\u00e1me chlieb medzi \u201eoby\u010dajn\u00fdm k\u00e1bli\u010dk\u00e1rom\u201c a \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdm prof\u00edkom.<\/strong> Z\u00f3nov\u00fd uzatv\u00e1rac\u00ed ventil (Zone Valve Box – ZVB<\/a>) nie je len mechanick\u00fd koh\u00fatik na stene pred vstupom na ARO alebo JIS, ktor\u00fdm sestri\u010dka v pr\u00edpade po\u017eiaru odstav\u00ed kysl\u00edk. Pre n\u00e1s je to nervov\u00e9 centrum merania a regul\u00e1cie celej sekcie. Ak to tu elektrik\u00e1r poserie, neodp\u00ed\u0161e len jednu z\u00e1suvku, ale m\u00f4\u017ee znefunk\u010dni\u0165 cel\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m kritick\u00fdch plynov pre pacientov na ventil\u00e1toroch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Pr\u00fadov\u00e1 slu\u010dka a ru\u0161enie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Senzory tlaku v t\u00fdchto boxoch nefunguj\u00fa na be\u017en\u00fdch nap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00farovniach (napr. 0-10V). Vyu\u017e\u00edvame tu v\u00fdhradne pr\u00fadov\u00fa slu\u010dku 4-20 mA<\/strong>. D\u00f4vodom je obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo elektromagnetick\u00e9ho ru\u0161enia (EMI) v nemocni\u010dnom prostred\u00ed \u2013 od MR a CT pr\u00edstrojov a\u017e po vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00e9 chirurgick\u00e9 no\u017ee. Pr\u00fadov\u00e1 slu\u010dka je vo\u010di tak\u00e9muto ru\u0161eniu na dlh\u00fdch k\u00e1blov\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch ove\u013ea odolnej\u0161ia. Ak k\u00e1bel niekde preru\u0161\u00ed\u0161, pr\u00fad klesne na 0 mA a syst\u00e9m okam\u017eite hl\u00e1si kritick\u00fa poruchu (preto\u017ee spodn\u00e1 hranica norm\u00e1lneho stavu s\u00fa 4 mA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Absol\u00fatna nutnos\u0165 galvanick\u00e9ho oddelenia<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Potrubia na medicin\u00e1lne plyny s\u00fa z medi<\/a>. Plyn v nich pr\u00fadi pod tlakom, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 statick\u00fa elektrinu a r\u00f4zne potenci\u00e1ly, nehovoriac o tom, \u017ee potrubie prech\u00e1dza kr\u00ed\u017eom cez cel\u00fa budovu. Na\u0161ou najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou no\u010dnou morou s\u00fa bludn\u00e9 pr\u00fady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Z merac\u00edch prevodn\u00edkov ZVB mus\u00ed \u00eds\u0165 sign\u00e1l do centr\u00e1lneho nemocni\u010dn\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (BMS). Tu mus\u00edme<\/strong> bezpodmiene\u010dne pou\u017ei\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 galvanick\u00e9 oddelenie (cez opto\u010dleny alebo izola\u010dn\u00e9 transform\u00e1tory pre sign\u00e1lne cesty). Ak by sme meracie obvody galvanicky neoddelili, ak\u00fdko\u013evek zemn\u00fd skrat alebo vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pr\u00fad na medenom potrub\u00ed by sa mohol cez n\u00e1\u0161 k\u00e1bel dosta\u0165 a\u017e do citlivej elektroniky na s\u00e1le, alebo naopak \u2013 odp\u00e1li\u0165 zbernicu riadiaceho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Redundancia nap\u00e1jania: Ke\u010f v\u00fdpadok nie je mo\u017enos\u0165<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Elektronika v ZVB boxe nesmie nikdy zhasn\u00fa\u0165. Toto nie je kancel\u00e1ria. Nap\u00e1janie t\u00fdchto boxov mus\u00ed by\u0165 rie\u0161en\u00e9 z tzv. zdravotn\u00edckej IT siete<\/a><\/strong> (izolovanej s\u00fastavy), ktor\u00e1 je chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 str\u00e1\u017ei\u010dom izola\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu. Okrem toho mus\u00ed by\u0165 vetva dvojn\u00e1sobne z\u00e1lohovan\u00e1 \u2013 najprv centr\u00e1lnou UPS, ktor\u00e1 vykryje mikrov\u00fdpadky, a n\u00e1sledne dieselagreg\u00e1tom. Na\u0161ou \u00falohou je zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby silov\u00e9 a d\u00e1tov\u00e9 trasy k t\u00fdmto boxom sp\u013a\u0148ali najvy\u0161\u0161ie protipo\u017eiarne normy (k\u00e1ble B2ca, s1, d0, a1) a boli fyzicky oddelen\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych k\u00e1blov\u00fdch \u017e\u013eaboch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Zvy\u0161ok syst\u00e9mu len v skratke<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Jasn\u00e9, v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho projektu nemocnice toho rob\u00edme ove\u013ea viac. \u0164ah\u00e1me hrub\u00e9 pr\u00edvody pre mas\u00edvne motory v centr\u00e1lnej kompresorovni<\/strong>, zap\u00e1jame riadiace jednotky pre v\u00e1kuov\u00e9 stanice<\/strong> (ods\u00e1vanie na s\u00e1lach) a prep\u00e1jame bat\u00e9riov\u00e9 rozvody<\/strong> pre ve\u013ekokapacitn\u00e9 f\u013ea\u0161e v exteri\u00e9ri. To v\u0161etko je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, ale v podstate hrub\u00e1 silnopr\u00fadov\u00e1 a automatiza\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    To prav\u00e9 majstrovstvo a chirurgick\u00e1 presnos\u0165 elektrik\u00e1ra-\u017eivnostn\u00edka sa ukazuje pr\u00e1ve pri jemnej pr\u00e1ci so z\u00f3nov\u00fdmi ventilmi, ich galvanick\u00fdm oddelen\u00edm a bezchybn\u00fdm prepojen\u00edm na riadiaci syst\u00e9m nemocnice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Robi\u0165 na tak\u00fdchto projektoch pre MJM-AUTOMATION je obrovsk\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165, ale aj perfektn\u00e1 \u0161kola do \u017eivota. Ke\u010f v\u0161etko o\u017eiv\u00ed\u0161, prebehne prv\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia bez jedinej chybi\u010dky a syst\u00e9m nabehne, je to par\u00e1dny pocit. A pam\u00e4tajte na to, ke\u010f si nabud\u00face budete prezera\u0165 na\u0161e AI obr\u00e1zky!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vitajte na blogu MJM-AUTOMATION. Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa tento mesiac zasa ponor\u00edme do k\u00e1blov a sch\u00e9m, mus\u00edme si vyjasni\u0165 jednu vec. Mo\u017eno ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee vizu\u00e1ly (fotky a vide\u00e1), ktor\u00e9 na blogu pou\u017e\u00edvame, vyzeraj\u00fa ob\u010das trochu \u201eumelo\u201c a s\u00fa generovan\u00e9 umelou inteligenciou. Pre\u010do v\u00e1m neuk\u00e1\u017eeme re\u00e1lne z\u00e1bery z na\u0161ich projektov? Odpove\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: nesmieme. Ke\u010f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[25,26,23],"class_list":["post-807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene","tag-elektrikari","tag-mjm-automation","tag-zivnostnici"],"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026.jpg",2048,1024,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026.jpg",2048,1024,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026.jpg",2048,1024,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026-300x150.jpg",300,150,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026-1024x512.jpg",1024,512,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026-1536x768.jpg",1536,768,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026.jpg",2048,1024,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mjm-automation-02-09-2026-18x9.jpg",18,9,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Milan Lys\u00edk","author_link":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/author\/mjm-automation\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"Nezaraden\u00e9<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Vitajte na blogu MJM-AUTOMATION. Sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa tento mesiac zasa ponor\u00edme do k\u00e1blov a sch\u00e9m, mus\u00edme si vyjasni\u0165 jednu vec. Mo\u017eno ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee vizu\u00e1ly (fotky a vide\u00e1), ktor\u00e9 na blogu pou\u017e\u00edvame, vyzeraj\u00fa ob\u010das trochu \u201eumelo\u201c a s\u00fa generovan\u00e9 umelou inteligenciou. Pre\u010do v\u00e1m neuk\u00e1\u017eeme re\u00e1lne z\u00e1bery z na\u0161ich projektov? Odpove\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1: nesmieme. Ke\u010f…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=807"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":813,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions\/813"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mjm-automation.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}